Yes, codeine is addictive. Though commonly prescribed to relieve mild to moderate pain or suppress coughing, codeine is an opioid, and all opioids have the potential to cause physical and psychological dependence. Because it produces feelings of relaxation and euphoria when taken in higher doses, people may misuse it for its pleasurable effects. Repeated use can lead to tolerance, meaning the body needs more of the drug to achieve the same effect, which increases the risk of addiction.
Addiction to codeine often develops gradually. Someone may begin by taking it as prescribed but start using it more frequently or at higher doses over time. Dependence can set in quickly, especially if the person uses codeine recreationally. Once addiction takes hold, it becomes difficult to stop without professional help due to withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Even though it is a less potent opioid compared to others like oxycodone or morphine, codeine’s addictive potential should not be underestimated.
If you or a loved one is addicted to codeine, reach out to us at Avenues Recovery so we can guide you on your path to recovery.
What Is Codeine?
Codeine is a prescription opioid medication derived from the opium poppy plant. It is primarily used to treat mild to moderate pain and, in lower doses, to reduce coughing. Codeine is often combined with other medications, such as acetaminophen or promethazine, to enhance its effects or target specific symptoms. It is available in tablet, capsule, and liquid form, depending on its intended use.
Despite its medical usefulness, codeine is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and addiction. In the body, codeine is partially converted into morphine, which binds to opioid receptors in the brain to alter the perception of pain and trigger a sense of well-being. This mechanism is what makes codeine susceptible to misuse. Its accessibility in cough syrups and combination pills can make it one of the more commonly misused prescription opioids.
Does Codeine Get You High?
Yes, codeine can get you high when taken in higher-than-prescribed doses or used recreationally. It is an opioid, and like other opioids, it affects the brain’s reward system by triggering the release of dopamine, which can create feelings of euphoria, relaxation, and well-being. However, using codeine to get high is dangerous and can lead to dependence, addiction, difficulty breathing, or overdose.
What Does a Codeine High Feel Like?
When taken as prescribed, codeine typically provides pain relief and may cause mild drowsiness or relaxation. In larger doses, it can produce a sense of euphoria, warmth, and calm, often described as a "high." Some users also report feeling lightheaded, detached, or sedated. However, unpleasant effects such as nausea, itching, constipation, or confusion are also common, especially when misused.
Causes of Codeine Addiction
Codeine addiction can arise from codeine abuse and misuse. One of the most common causes is prolonged or high-dose use of codeine to manage pain. Over time, the body becomes tolerant to its effects, prompting individuals to take larger amounts to achieve the same relief. This escalation can quickly spiral into dependency. Individuals with chronic pain conditions may be particularly vulnerable if they lack alternative treatments or suffer from unmanaged pain.
Recreational use is another significant factor. Some people use codeine for its sedative or euphoric effects, especially in syrup form mixed with soda or alcohol—sometimes referred to as "lean" or "purple drank." Additionally, people with a personal or family history of substance abuse, untreated mental health disorders, or high levels of stress are at increased risk for codeine addiction. Social influences and the misconception that prescription drugs are “safer” than street drugs can also contribute to misuse.
Signs and Symptoms of Codeine Addiction
Codeine addiction manifests through both behavioral and physical signs. Individuals may begin taking codeine more often than prescribed or use it even when no longer needed for pain. They might visit multiple doctors (a practice known as "doctor shopping") to obtain extra prescriptions or resort to purchasing it illegally. Changes in mood, sleep patterns, and hygiene, along with a growing preoccupation with obtaining and using the drug, are also common.
Physical symptoms of codeine addiction include:
- Drowsiness
- Slowed breathing
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Pinpoint pupils
Over time, users may experience withdrawal symptoms such as muscle aches, anxiety, sweating, and insomnia when they try to stop. Loved ones might also notice social withdrawal, declining performance at work or school, and unexplained financial issues. These signs, especially when persistent, signal the need for professional assessment and intervention.
Codeine Side Effects
Common short-term effects of codeine include:
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
Some people may also experience lightheadedness or mild euphoria, which is part of what makes it prone to misuse. In children and those with slower metabolism, codeine can have unpredictable effects, sometimes leading to dangerous respiratory issues.
More serious side effects include:
- Slowed or difficult breathing
- Severe allergic reactions
- Confusion
- Low blood pressure
Long-Term Side Effects of Codeine
Long-term side effects of codeine include:
- Hormonal imbalances
- Liver damage (especially when combined with acetaminophen)
- Gastrointestinal issues.
People who misuse codeine face even higher risks, particularly when the drug is mixed with alcohol or other depressants. The cumulative impact on overall health can be severe and life-threatening if not addressed.
Effects of Codeine Abuse
Abusing codeine can have both immediate and long-term effects on physical and mental health. In the short term, users may feel sedated or euphoric, but they also risk slowed breathing, impaired coordination, and clouded judgment. These effects can be dangerous, especially when performing tasks like driving or operating machinery. In high doses, codeine can lead to:
- Overdose
- Loss of consciousness
- Death
Long-term abuse can damage vital organs, particularly the liver and kidneys, and lead to chronic constipation and digestive problems.
Mental health is also impacted—individuals may suffer from depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments. Relationships, careers, and academic performance often deteriorate as the addiction takes priority over all else. Over time, the quality of life diminishes drastically, and the risk of transitioning to stronger opioids increases significantly.
Codeine Addiction Treatment
Effective treatment for codeine addiction typically involves a combination of medical detox, behavioral therapy, and ongoing support. The first step is often medically supervised detoxification, which helps manage withdrawal symptoms in a safe environment. Medications such as buprenorphine or methadone may be used to reduce cravings and ease withdrawal. Detox alone is not enough; it must be followed by comprehensive therapy to address the psychological aspects of addiction.
Behavioral therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), contingency management, and motivational interviewing help individuals develop coping strategies and reshape harmful thought patterns. Inpatient or outpatient rehab programs offer structured environments to support recovery. Long-term success also depends on aftercare, which can include support groups, continued counseling, and lifestyle changes. With the right treatment plan, individuals struggling with codeine addiction can reclaim their health and rebuild their lives.
Turn to Avenues to Treat Codeine Addiction
Overcoming codeine addiction can feel overwhelming, but it's important to remember that help is available, and recovery is possible. Left untreated, codeine dependence can lead to serious physical, emotional, and social consequences. If you or someone you love is struggling with codeine addiction, don’t wait. Turn to Avenues Recovery, where compassionate experts provide personalized treatment, guidance, and hope every step of the way.